Estelle Reel, who served as Superintendent of Indian Education from to , was a strong advocate of this curriculum which gave primary importance to learning manual skills. No amount of book learning, she felt, could result in economic independence for Indian people Jan 01, · The impact of British colonial rule on Indian economy and society was variable, and remains controversial. One thing for certain would be the drastic change from an agrarian (agriculturally-centred) lifestyle to a competitive capitalist economy Jul 24, · Declaration of Independence. The condition of the parchment Declaration of Independence is a sign of the place it has held in the hearts of many Americans. Years of public display have faded and worn this treasured document. Today it is maintained under the most exacting archival conditions possible. Declaration Home Page
Salient Features of the Indian Constitution - iPleaders
This article is written by M. Sri Sai Kamalini, a fourth-year student currently pursuing B. LLB Hons from School of law, SASTRA, indian independence essay. This is an exhaustive article indian independence essay deals with the various salient features of the Indian Constitution. The Constitution of India is a very dynamic creation of our lawmakers. The Constitution of India as we all know is a supreme law of the country and every citizen of our country has to abide by the constitution.
The Indian Constitution is one of the lengthiest constitutions in the world and it is also very detailed. There are 12 schedules and articles in our Constitution, indian independence essay. The Indian Constitution has incorporated various articles by taking inspiration from the various constitutions around the world. As we all know, India is a very diverse country and it was necessary to draft a long Constitution incorporating various provisions in order to accommodate various differences.
The parent document for drafting the Indian Constitution was the Government of India Actand that document itself was very lengthy. The Constitution makers found it necessary to incorporate various provisions to provide special attention to States like Assam, Mizoram, and Nagaland. Various provisions were indian independence essay incorporated to uplift the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The Preamble of our Constitution provides India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic and Republic Country.
There are also various other terms in the Preamble which ensure equality and protect people. The various other terms are Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity, indian independence essay. The indian independence essay Sovereignty was incorporated in the Preamble to provide supreme power to the Government. The term Sovereignty is the backbone of our Indian Constitution that protects the authority of the people.
Sovereignty is an essential factor of every State. The Sovereignty in Indian independence essay is of two types:. Internal Sovereignty- The States have the power to govern themselves and make laws in certain matters. It is mandatory to incorporate this term to promote peace between indian independence essay communities in our country. Secularism promotes the development and unity of various religions. In the case of S. Democracy is an ancient concept indian independence essay is followed by many indian independence essay Indian rulers from time immemorial.
Democracy provides people with the power to govern. The representative form of the Government is suitable for governing our country due to the huge population. The main reason for incorporating democracy is to provide freedom to the people to choose their own representatives and to save them from the tyrant leaders, indian independence essay.
The system of socialism promotes equality among people and ensures the welfare of people. Many leaders were interested in the concept of socialism, especially Jawaharlal Nehru was very much interested in this concept as he was inspired by the Russian Revolution, indian independence essay.
There were also other famous leaders like Jay Prakash Narayan who helped in the development of this concept. The concept of Socialism expels capitalism which is considered a threat to the economy. There were developments in economic policies to promote the concepts of Socialism. The term republic provides the people power to elect their own representatives. The term republic is the basis of our constitution as it ensures there would be no hereditary rulers and also ensures that the election would be happening in our country, indian independence essay.
The President of India is an elected head of the State for a fixed tenure, indian independence essay. The Preamble of the Constitution of India guarantees three types of justice to its citizens like:, indian independence essay. The term Liberty and Fraternity is provided in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.
The term liberty and fraternity was used in the French revolution. The Bicameral Legislature system is followed in our country. The Unicameral legislature system is followed in countries like Norway. The law making procedure is easy in the unicameral legislature but the bicameral legislature is effective as there would be a lot of discussions and deliberations before making legislation. Articles 74 and Article 75 is concerned with the Parliamentary system at the centre and Article and Article is concerned with the Parliamentary system at the states.
Article 74 of the Indian Constitution provides that there should be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister and Council of Minister can aid and advise the President. Article 75 of the Indian Constitution deals with the other provisions relating to the appointment of Ministers.
The Presidential form of Government is followed in countries like the United States of America. The President is the head of the State in the Presidential System of Government. The Parliamentary system is preferred over the Presidential system as it ensures the equal distribution of power and also power is not within the hands of a single person. The drafters of our constitution did not prefer indian independence essay presidential system as the executive and legislatures would become independent of each other.
The makers felt that this would be an issue afterwards. The Indian Constitution is neither rigid nor flexible, this is also one of the reasons for its length. The famous example of the rigid constitution is the Constitution of the U. The Indian Constitution is not very difficult to amend, as the Constitution of The U.
It has gone through amendments so far but there are certain steps to be satisfied before bringing in the amendment. Thus the Indian Constitution is a unique blend of rigidity and flexibility. Part III of the Indian Constitution deals with fundamental rights. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to equality, indian independence essay. Article 14 is applicable not only to citizens but also to corporations and foreigners. According to this Article, it is the duty of the state not to deny any person equality before the eyes of the law and to provide them equal protection of laws within the territory of India.
The University of Delhi, according to this case it was said that the state has to provide equal protection of laws to every citizen and non-citizen in this territory and no one should be denied such protection. The concept of rule of law was developed by Dicey. According to Dicey, there are indian independence essay main aspects of this rule of law.
Article 14 allows differentiation in certain situations when there is an intelligible differentia, that there should be a proper reason for differentiating, indian independence essay. The differentia which has been applied in the classification should have an essential connection with the objective which is sought to be achieved by the classification.
Article 14 does not permit any class legislation. The classification should be reasonable and the persons in the same situation cannot be treated differently. For example, indian independence essay, the persons who are under 18 years of age are incompetent to vote is a reasonable differentiation. In a famous case, it was mentioned that the prisoners from India and prisoners from Europe who are in Indian Jails convicted for the same crime must be treated in the same manner.
Article 15 prohibits discrimination on the grounds of caste, race, indian independence essay, religion, sex and place of birth. According to this article, there should indian independence essay be any discrimination in:.
There are certain exceptions to this Article provided in clauses indian independence essay 3 and 15 4, indian independence essay. They are:. Southern Railways v. Rangachari, held that Article 15 4 of the Indian Constitution to be an exception to Article 15 1 and nothing provided in the Article15 1 will affect the State from making any special laws for the improvement of backward classes of citizens.
In the case of Dasaratha Rama Rao vs State of Andhra Pradesh, it was held that Article 15 is a particular application of the general right of equality provided for in Article The concept of gender equality provided under Article 15 was also discussed in a case like Vishaka vs the State of Rajasthan. Article 16 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
In the case of J, indian independence essay. K v Triloki Nath Khosa, indian independence essay, it was held that even though Article 16 provides equality of opportunity, the state can prescribe all the necessary qualifications and tests that are ne cessary for providing employment.
In the case of M, indian independence essay. Article 16 4 is a very important provision that allows the state to make reservations of appointments for the development of backward classes if they are not adequately represented by the services of the state. The case of Devadasan v Union of India is a landmark judgment which discussed the scope of this Article.
The Supreme Court held that the carry forward rule is not valid as reservation exceeds over 50 percent because of this carry forward rule and it affects the other classes of society.
Article 17 of the Indian Constitution abolishes untouchability and practising it in any form is forbidden. In Shastri Yagnapurushdasji and Ors. Muldas Bhundardas Vaishya and Anr. In the famous case of the State of Karnataka vs Appa Balu Ingaleit was noted that. Article 18 of the Indian Constitution abolishes the titles.
According to this Article, no Indian citizen can accept the titles from any foreign states. The provision was brought out to prevent discrimination.
The awards like Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan awarded by the Indian Government do not come under the titles so they indian independence essay be accepted.
The aristocratic classes like Khan Bahadurs created by the British were abolished under this Article. Article 19 of the Indian Constitution guarantees various freedom like:. It includes the freedom of communication and the right to provide or publish opinions and this right is subject to reasonable restrictions being imposed under Article 19 2. In the case of Romesh Thapar vs the State of Madras, it was held that freedom of expression also includes the freedom of publication and propagation.
In the case of Government of India v, indian independence essay. Cricket Association of Bengalit was held that freedom of speech and expression also includes the right to acquire information. There are also certain reasonable restrictions provided for the freedom of speech and expression guaranteed under Article 19 1. Article 19 2 provides those restrictions.
10 easy lines on Independence Day -- Essay on Independence Day -- Easy speech on Independence Day
, time: 2:04Historical Background of Indian Constitution - Clear IAS
Apr 09, · The historical underpinnings and evolution of the India Constitution can be traced to many regulations and acts passed before Indian Independence. Indian System of Administration. Indian democracy is a Parliamentary form of democracy where the executive is responsible to the Parliament. The Parliament has two houses – Loksabha and Rajyasabha Jan 01, · The impact of British colonial rule on Indian economy and society was variable, and remains controversial. One thing for certain would be the drastic change from an agrarian (agriculturally-centred) lifestyle to a competitive capitalist economy Dec 30, · The Indian Constitution is not very difficult to amend, as the Constitution of The U.S.A. It has gone through amendments so far but there are certain steps to be satisfied before bringing in the amendment. Thus the Indian Constitution is a unique blend of rigidity and flexibility. Fundamental Rights
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