Oct 08, · This essay concerns economic challenges in human resource management and solutions. For example, in most working scenarios currently, the nature of working patterns has undergone many transformations something, which has made most individuals to prefer working in service industries, rather than in manufacturing and agricultural industries Jan 01, · Migration is the mechanism for human being to adapt diversified living circumstances. It is part of natural resources which is based on the seasonal movements of fishing communities, pastoralism as well as long term phenomenon. Global warming is progressive in nature and have significant impact on the population May 21, · Natalie Kofler. Natalie Kofler is founder of the global initiative Editing Nature and adviser for the Scientific Citizenship Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Conclusion of Challenges of HRM (Human Resource Management) Essay
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A woman in Beijing shows a health QR code on her phone essay on human nature access a shopping area, as a security guard checks her temperature. Imagine a world where your ability to get a job, housing or a loan depends on passing a blood test. You are confined to your home and locked out of society if you lack certain antibodies. It has happened before. Lack of immunity dictated whom people could marry, where they could work, and, for those forced into slavery, how much they were worth.
Presumed immunity concentrated political and economic power in the hands of the wealthy elite, and was weaponized to justify white supremacy. The idea is that such certificates would be issued to those who have recovered and tested positive for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 — the coronavirus that causes the disease.
Authorities would lift restrictions on those who are presumed to have immunity, allowing them to return to work, to socialize and to travel. This idea has so many flaws that it is hard to know where to begin. Show evidence that apps for COVID contact-tracing are secure and effective. On 24 April, the World Health Organization WHO cautioned essay on human nature issuing immunity passports because their accuracy could not be guaranteed.
Nonetheless, the idea is being floated in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and other nations. China has already introduced virtual health checks, contact tracing and digital QR codes to limit the movement of people.
Antibody test results could easily be integrated into this system. In our view, any documentation that limits individual freedoms on the essay on human nature of biology risks becoming a platform for restricting human rights, increasing discrimination and threatening — rather than protecting — public health.
COVID immunity is a mystery. Recent data 3 suggest that a majority of recovered patients produce some antibodies against SARS-CoV Current estimates, essay on human nature, based on immune responses to closely related viruses such as those that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome MERSsuggest that recovered individuals could be protected from re-infection for one to two years.
But if SARS-CoV-2 immunity instead mimics that seen with the common cold, the protection period could be shorter. Serological tests are unreliable, essay on human nature. Tests to measure SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the blood can be a valuable tool to assess the prevalence and spread of the virus. But they vary widely in quality and efficacy. This has led the WHO and former US Food and Drug Administration commissioner Scott Gottlieb to caution against their use in assessing individual health or immune status.
Low specificity means the test measures antibodies other than those that are specific to SARS-CoV Low sensitivity means that the test requires a person to have a high concentration of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for them to be measured effectively. This causes false negatives in people who have few antibodies, leading to potentially immune individuals being incorrectly labelled as not immune. The volume of testing needed is unfeasible. Tens to hundreds of millions of serological tests would be needed for a national immunity certification programme.
Two tests per person are the minimum, essay on human nature, because anyone who tested negative might later become infected and would need to be retested to be immune certified. Repeat testing, on no less than an annual basis, would be necessary to ensure ongoing immunity. From June, the German government will receive 5 million serological tests a month from the Swiss firm Roche Pharmaceuticals — a leading supplier of one SARS-CoV-2 serological test that has been approved by regulators.
Even if immunity passports essay on human nature limited to health-care workers, essay on human nature, the number of tests required could still be unfeasible.
The United States, for example, would need more than 16 million such tests. Even South Korea, a country with high testing rates, had managed to test only 1. Health-care workers in Munich, Germany, take blood to test for antibodies to Essay on human nature Too few survivors to boost the economy.
The proportion of individuals known to have essay on human nature from COVID varies widely in different populations, essay on human nature. In New York state, for example, where 3, essay on human nature, people were tested at random in grocery shops and other public locations, But these seem to be the exception. Low disease prevalence combined with limited testing capacity, not to mention highly unreliable tests, means that only a small fraction of any population would be certified as free to work.
Based on current numbers of confirmed US cases, for example, only 0. Such percentages are inconsequential for the economy and for safety.
Monitoring erodes privacy. The whole point of immunity passports is to control movement. Thus, any strategy for immunity certification must include a system for identification and monitoring. Paper documentation could be vulnerable to forgery, essay on human nature. Electronic documentation integrated into a smartphone app would be more resistant to fraud and more effective for contact tracing, retesting and updates of immune status, essay on human nature.
But electronic documents present a more serious risk to privacy 5. Taiwan is also using smartphone apps with alert systems that are directly linked to police departments.
The United Kingdom, essay on human nature, United States and many other countries are testing various app options.
China has announced that elements of its QR-code tracking system are likely to essay on human nature in place after the pandemic ends. Marginalized groups will face more scrutiny. With increased essay on human nature comes increased policing, and with it higher risks of profiling and potential harms to racial, sexual, religious or other minority groups.
During the pandemic, China has been accused of racially profiling residents by forcing all African nationals to be tested for the virus, essay on human nature. Essay on human nature other parts of the world, people from Asia have faced spikes in racialized prejudice.
Before this pandemic, stop-and-frisk laws in the United States already disproportionately affected people of colour. And during the pandemic, policing continues to target people from minority groups. Between mid-March and the start of May in Brooklyn, New York, essay on human nature, 35 of the 40 people arrested for violating physical distancing laws were black 6. Will antibody tests for the coronavirus really change everything? These numbers are deeply concerning, but would be even more so if monitoring and policing for COVID immunity were to be used for ulterior motives.
In the United States, where people of colour are racially segregated by neighbourhood and disproportionately incarcerated, digital incarceration could be used to monitor large segments of certain communities. The risk would be even higher if digital monitoring were to be linked to immigration status.
Unfair access. With a shortage of testing, many will not have access. Experience so far suggests that the wealthy and powerful are more likely to essay on human nature a test than the poor and vulnerable. In tiered health-care systems, these inequities are felt even more acutely. The very people who need to get back to work most urgently — workers who need to keep a roof over their head and food on the table — are likely to struggle to get an antibody test. Testing children before they return to school could be a low priority, as would testing retired older people and those who face physical, mental-health or cognitive challenges.
Societal stratification. Such labelling is particularly concerning in the absence of a free, essay on human nature, universally available vaccine. If a vaccine becomes available, then people could choose to opt in and gain immune certification. Without one, stratification would depend on luck, money and personal circumstances. Restricting work, concerts, museums, religious services, restaurants, political polling sites and even health-care centres to COVID survivors would harm and disenfranchise a majority of the population.
How do children spread the coronavirus? Social and financial inequities would be amplified. Immunity passports could also fuel divisions between nations. Individuals from countries that are unable or unwilling to implement immunity passport programmes could be barred from travelling to countries that stipulate them. Already people with HIV are subjected to restrictions on entering, living and working in countries with laws that impinge on the rights of those from essay on human nature and gender minorities — such as Russia, Egypt and Singapore.
New forms of discrimination. Platforms for SARS-CoV-2 immune certification could easily be expanded to include other forms of personal health data, such as mental-health records and genetic-test results. The immunity passports of today could become the all-encompassing biological passports of tomorrow. These would introduce a essay on human nature risk for discrimination if employers, insurance companies, law-enforcement officers and others could access private health information for their own benefit.
Such concerns have been catalogued over the past few years in debates about who should have access to genetic information, as demand rises from clinicians, researchers, insurers, employers and law enforcers, for example 7. Threats to public health. Immunity passports could create perverse incentives. If access to certain social and economic liberties is given only to people who have recovered from COVID, then immunity passports could incentivize healthy, non-immune individuals to wilfully seek out infection — putting themselves and others at risk 8.
Economic hardship could amplify the incentive if an immunity passport is the only way to a pay cheque. Individuals might obtain documents illicitly, through bribery, transfer between individuals or forgery. These could create further health threats, because people claiming immunity could continue to spread the virus.
Crises tend to foster nefarious trade, as happened during the Second World War when food rations in Britain caused the emergence of a robust underground exchange system. Strategies that focus on the individual — using conceptions of ethics rooted in libertarianism — contradict the mission of public health 9. They distract attention from actions that benefit all, such as funding international collaborations, practising effective public-health measures and redressing income inequity.
In North America and elsewherebecause of structural inequities, people of colour are dying from COVID at much higher rates than are white people, and the virus is disproportionately affecting those who live in First Nations territories.
Success depends on solidarity, a genuine appreciation that we are all in this together. An ethic premised on individual autonomy is grossly inappropriate during a public-health crisis; the overarching aim must be to promote the common good.
Video 3: THE EXPLANATION of the human condition!
, time: 14:29Ten reasons why immunity passports are a bad idea
With that, here is an example nature versus nurture essay. Article Example on Nature vs. Nurture Psychologists contend with the fact that nature vs nurture debate is the oldest discussion that has elicited various discussions besides reasons that try to justify certain angles or persuasion elevating either side of the argument Jan 01, · Migration is the mechanism for human being to adapt diversified living circumstances. It is part of natural resources which is based on the seasonal movements of fishing communities, pastoralism as well as long term phenomenon. Global warming is progressive in nature and have significant impact on the population May 21, · Natalie Kofler. Natalie Kofler is founder of the global initiative Editing Nature and adviser for the Scientific Citizenship Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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